The three regional states of China, India and Pakistan have a complicated relationship. India and Pakistan waged three wars (1948, 1965 and 1999) over Jammu and Kashmir and one war in 1971, which resulted in the division of the Eastern Wing of Pakistan, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. India and China, on the other hand, waged war over the Aksai Chin dispute in 1962. Similarly, both countries have an existing bilateral dispute over the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Moreover, despite diametrical military strategies against the Indian Ocean and nuclear weapons, the subsequent comprehensive and multi-level military balance of forces is unlikely to lead to peace, but at least to stability between India and China. Bilateral trade between India and China has risen sharply over the last fifteen years from $ 3 billion to $ 70.50 billion. These trends point to the paradoxical nature of the relationship between the three countries. However, this is also underlined by interconnected and overlapping interests between India, China and Pakistan, especially in the form of economic and trade engagement between India and China, China and Pakistan, and fears of losing escalating dominance between India and Pakistan in a limited or total war.

China insists on maintaining neutrality on issues that remain unresolved between India and Pakistan. However, it has indicated on various occasions its eminent interest in regional stability, especially in view of Pakistan’s fight against terrorist groups such as the Islamic State, Al Qaeda, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and the Islamic Movement of East Turkestan, and its commitment to provide all necessary security measures. for CPEC. These terrorist organizations pose not only asymmetric threats to Pakistan’s internal security, but also to China’s domestic security, especially in its eastern province of Xinjiang. During September 2016, after the Uri attacks, when the crisis between Pakistan and India was serious due to Indian allegations that Pakistan launched attacks on a military base in Indian Kashmir (IOK), the Chinese Foreign Ministry said it was deploying multiple channels to communicate with India. and Pakistan during the crisis. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs commented on the subject of this communication « We hope that India and Pakistan will be able to improve communication and deal with differences properly and work together to maintain peace and security in the region … China hopes that both countries could properly address their differences [through] dialogue and consultation and to improve their bilateral relations, strengthen cooperation in various fields and work together on regional peace, development and stability. »